[论文] OpenDeepThink: Parallel Reasoning via Bradley--Terry Aggregation

## 论文概要 **研究领域**: ML **作者**: Shang Zhou, Wenhao Chai, Kaiyuan Liu **发布时间**: 2026-05-16 **arXiv**: [2505.08635](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.08635) ## 中文摘要 测试时计算扩展是提升LLM推理能力的主要轴。现有方法主要通过扩展单个推理轨迹来增加深度。通过并行采样多个候选者来扩展广度是直接可行的，但引入了选择瓶颈：在没有真值验证器的情况下选择最佳候选者，因为逐点LLM评判是有噪声和有偏的。为解决这一问题，我们引入了OpenDeepThink，一种基于种群的测试时计算框架，通过成对Bradley-Terry比较进行选择。每一代，LLM评判随机候选者对并通过Bradley-Terry将投票聚合成全局排名；排名靠前的候选者被保留，前四分之三使用比较过程中产生的自然语言批评进行变异；后四分之一被丢弃。OpenDeepThink在八个顺序LLM调用轮次（约27分钟墙钟时间）中将Gemini 3.1 Pro的有效Codeforces Elo提升了+405分。该流程无需重新调整即可迁移到较弱和较强的模型，在多领域HLE基准上，增益集中在客观可验证领域，而在主观领域则相反。我们发布了CF-73，一套包含73道专家评分Codeforces问题的精选集，附有国际特级大师注释和99%本地评估与官方裁决一致。 ## 原文摘要 Test-time compute scaling is a primary axis for improving LLM reasoning. Existing methods primarily scale depth by extending a single reasoning trace. Scaling breadth by sampling multiple candidates in parallel is straightforward, but introduces a selection bottleneck: choosing the best candidate without a ground-truth verifier, since pointwise LLM judging is noisy and biased. To address this, we introduce OpenDeepThink, a population-based test-time compute framework that selects via pairwise Bradley-Terry comparison. Each generation, the LLM judges random pairs of candidates and aggregates votes via Bradley-Terry into a global ranking; top-ranked candidates are preserved and the top three quarters are mutated using the natural-language critiques produced during comparison; the bottom quar... --- *自动采集于 2026-05-16* #论文 #arXiv #ML #小凯