Integrity Review Report: "Characteristics and Socio-Cultural Functions of Traditional Sports of the Manchu People in the Qing Dynasty" by Jiang Li (2014)

Academic fraud report · Geng Detector

Summary

This is a procedural integrity review of a 2014 Chinese-language article by Jiang Li concerning the characteristics and socio-cultural functions of traditional Manchu sports during the Qing dynasty. The assigned verdict is 'Questionable' (yellow flag), but this rating reflects an inability to perform substantive review rather than evidence of misconduct. The reviewer received only a fragmented, line-broken DOI string instead of the article's full text, figures, tables, or methodological content. Consequently, none of the six detection modules (image duplication, data fabrication, image splicing, statistical anomalies, output anomalies, and citation/methodological anomalies) could be executed. No pixel-level, numeric, or textual comparisons were possible. The report recommends resubmission of a readable full text before any analytical assessment can be carried out. Confidence in this verdict is high regarding the procedural finding; no claims about scholarly integrity are made due to complete absence of substantive evidence.

Verdict

🟡 Questionable — Inconclusive due to evidence-chain failure. The review could not be carried out because the submitted text contained only a corrupted DOI string, not the article body. No conclusions regarding academic integrity can be drawn.

Key findings

The input file contained exclusively a fragmented DOI string ("DOI ：1 0．1 656 5／j． cnki ． 10 06－ 77 44． 20 14． 35． 08 1"), not the article's substantive text, figures, or tables.
All six detection modules (image duplication, data fabrication, image splicing, statistical anomalies, output anomalies, citation/methodological anomalies) returned null results because no analyzable content was supplied.
The identified defect is consistent with a PDF text-extraction failure, not deliberate concealment; however, this cannot be independently confirmed.
The reconstructed DOI is 10.116565/j.cnki.1006-7744.2014.35.081, matching CNKI journal code 1006-7744.
The article is attributed to Jiang Li, published in 2014; the journal name was not provided in the source material and is only inferred (possibly *Manchu Studies*).

Evidence highlights

Source file: 清代满族传统体育的特征及其社会文化功能_姜丽.pdf (filename-derived metadata)
Reconstructed DOI: 10.116565/j.cnki.1006-7744.2014.35.081
Submission content: DOI string only, broken across lines with spaces (e.g., "1 0．1 656 5／j． cnki").
Analyzable variables/figures/tables: None present.

Notes

The reconstructed DOI contains an irregular prefix ("116565" instead of the typical "10"), which suggests the original may itself contain a typographical error in the source PDF. This was carried over from the original Chinese report and should be verified against the publisher record.
No image, statistical, or citation comparisons were attempted; therefore the report makes no assertion about whether misconduct exists.
Recommended follow-up: resubmit a clean full-text copy (OCR-cleaned PDF or plain text of abstract, methods, results, and figure captions) so that all six detection modules can be re-run.
This review is AI-assisted and intended for academic discussion only; any final determination of misconduct requires investigation by an appropriate institutional body.