Integrity review report: Analysis of Social Environmental Factors for the Popularization of Marine Sports (DOI: 10.14105/j.cnki.1009-9840.2013.03.017)

Academic fraud report · Geng Detector

Summary

This automated integrity review examined the 2013 humanities/social-science article 'Analysis of Social Environmental Factors for the Popularization of Marine Sports' by Jiang Li (Yantai University, College of Physical Education). Because the paper is a purely qualitative theoretical analysis using literature review and logical analysis methods, no experimental figures, quantitative laboratory data, or inferential statistics are present. None of the six targeted checks (image reuse, data fabrication, image splicing, statistical anomalies, anomalous output, citation/methodological anomalies) produced evidence of misconduct. One minor factual inaccuracy was noted: the author describes Haiyang's 2012 event as the 'Third World Beach Games,' whereas the actual event held in Haiyang in 2012 was the 'Third Asian Beach Games.' This is treated as a writing-level slip, not fabrication. The overall verdict is 'Questionable' (low severity) based solely on this terminology error. Confidence is moderate, and limits include reliance on the PDF text without figure-level inspection and no cross-checking of cited sources beyond the events mentioned.

Verdict

🟡 Questionable — No evidence of academic fraud detected. The paper is a qualitative social-science essay with no experimental figures, quantitative datasets, or inferential statistics, so the standard fraud indicators do not apply. The only issue is a minor factual/terminological slip (Asian vs. World Beach Games), which is insufficient to constitute misconduct.

Key findings

No image reuse, image splicing, or image manipulation detected — the article contains no experimental or chart images (Figure-check categories 1 & 3: clear).
No fabricated quantitative data — all numerical references (e.g., Qingdao population 8.7151 million, yacht insurance cap 10 million yuan, 2010 MOT Order No. 5) are public macro-statistics or policy identifiers, not laboratory-generated continuous variables.
No statistical anomalies — the study uses literature review and logical analysis only; no p-values, F-statistics, or sample sizes are reported.
Output/timeline is internally consistent — references to the 2008 Qingdao Olympic sailing regatta, 2010 Ministry of Transport Order No. 5, and 2012 Haiyang event align with the 2013 publication context.
One terminology error in Section 2.1 / References: the 2012 Haiyang event is described as the "Third World Beach Games" when it was in fact the "Third Asian Beach Games" (Asian Beach Games). Severity: 🟡 minor.

Evidence highlights

DOI: 10.14105/j.cnki.1009-9840.2013.03.017
Author: Jiang Li, Yantai University, College of Physical Education
Year: 2013
Key quoted numeric facts verified against public knowledge: Qingdao population 871.51万; yacht insurance cap 10,000,000 yuan; 2010 MOT Order No. 5; 2008 Qingdao Olympic sailing; 2012 Haiyang "Third World Beach Games" (incorrect — should be Asian Beach Games).
No laboratory figures, Western blots, microscopy images, or statistical tables present in the source PDF.

Notes

This is a qualitative humanities paper; image- and statistics-based fraud checks are not applicable, and their negative results should not be over-interpreted as positive evidence of integrity.
The "World vs. Asian Beach Games" error is a factual inaccuracy of low severity and does not, on its own, indicate intent to mislead.
No follow-up action (no raw-data request, no PubPeer comment, no journal notification) is recommended based on current findings.
Reviewer confidence: moderate. Limitations include text-only inspection of the PDF and absence of source-by-source verification of the bibliography.