Summary
PaperFormalizer is a Lean-based agentic pipeline developed by Jiyuan Tan, Vasilis Syrgkanis, and Jose Blanchet (arXiv:2610.31810) that helps research authors find and fix small gaps in their papers' proofs and assumptions. Starting from LaTeX source, the system transcribes a paper into a dependency graph of statements, audits each statement in natural language for faithfulness, ambiguity, and correctness, then formalizes and proves them in Lean against Mathlib, optional domain libraries, and the author's personal toolkit. Crucially, the pipeline follows an author-in-the-loop design: when a statement admits multiple interpretations, it pauses and presents repair proposals in natural language and TeX notation, so every decision that could change the paper's claims remains with the author. Outputs include an annotated, revised paper version, a change report, and Lean code linking each claim to its formalized statement. As more papers are processed, authors' toolkits grow and verified Lean code can be shared and reused. The system runs inside coding agents such as Claude Code or Codex.
Paper Overview
- Field: Machine Learning
- Authors: Jiyuan Tan, Vasilis Syrgkanis, Jose Blanchet
- Published: 2026-10-27
- arXiv: 2610.31810
Summary
Even a carefully proofread paper can leave small gaps in its proofs or its stated assumptions. The authors introduce PaperFormalizer, a Lean-based agentic pipeline that helps authors find and close such gaps in their own papers and turn each paper into a Lean-verified version.
How It Works
Starting from the LaTeX source, PaperFormalizer:
1. Transcribes the paper into a dependency graph of statements.
2. Audits each statement in natural language for faithfulness, ambiguity, and correctness.
3. Formalizes and proves the statements in Lean against Mathlib, optional domain libraries, and the author's personal toolkit.
Author-in-the-Loop Design
Only the author knows what a statement is meant to say and how a formalization gap is best fixed. When a statement admits more than one interpretation, the pipeline stops and asks the author, presenting each repair proposal in natural language and TeX notation. The author can accept, reject, or redirect — every decision that could change the paper's claims is left to the author.
Outputs and Reuse
- An annotated and revised version of the paper.
- A change report.
- Lean code where each claim is linked to its formalized statement.
As more papers are formalized, authors' toolkits grow, and authors can share their verified papers so that researchers building on them can reuse their Lean code.
Implementation
PaperFormalizer runs inside coding agents (Claude Code or Codex). By making verified papers easy to produce, it aims to make proof-based research more robust.
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