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This report evaluates a 2025 article published in 心理研究 (Psychological Research) by Ren Fen and Ding Yicong (DOI: 10.19988/j.cnki.issn.2095-1159.2025.05.006). Th
This integrity review evaluates Mohammed Khaled Al Alaili's review article published in Precision Medication (2026). Verdict: CLEAR — no substantive integrity c
This report compiles five independent integrity findings against Yunfeng Zhao et al., DOI 10.1016/j.prmedi.2026.100092, published in Precision Medication. The p
This report presents a strong prima facie case (verdict: confirmed fabrication) against the article 'Spatial distribution of benthic macroinvertebrate community
This report evaluates a 2026 pre-print article in Guihaia authored by Fu Zhigao and colleagues concerning growth and leaf functional traits in Ormosia hosiei se
This report flags a preprint (DOI: 10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202504028, ChinaXiv, intended for Guihaia) concerning orchid diversity in Wumeng Mountain National Natur
This integrity review examines a 2026 Chinese General Practice article by Wei Zhimin et al. that uses the Delphi method to construct a lung cancer early-warning
This report, prepared by the 'Geng student' academic fraud detection initiative, assesses a 2026 paper published in Chinese General Practice (Chinese Journal of
This automated forensic review of the 2024 PLOS ONE paper by Qian et al. (DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0313448) returns a verdict of 'suspicious / inconclusive.' T
Verdict: No evidence of academic fraud detected. The three flagged concerns in the original review were examined and resolved in favor of the authors. The appar
This review examines 'First-Principles Approach to Electron-Vibration Interaction in Molecules from an Atomic Orbital Basis: The Allen−Heine−Cardona Theory and
This integrity review examines a 2025 article in Translational Psychiatry (DOI: 10.1038/s41398-025-03260-3) that integrates corticostriatal gene-expression data
Verdict: Highly suspicious. The report flags substantial inconsistencies between the numerical statistical outputs and the visual representations in a 2025 Radi
Verdict: Severe integrity concerns flagged as a confirmed ("实锤") case by the detector, pending independent institutional verification. The Nature Cancer paper (
Verdict: Highly suspicious. This report evaluates a 2021 multi-center deep-learning study (DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123098) that uses quantitative MRI features to
This report flags a 2020 Annals of Surgical Oncology paper (Shao et al., DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08659-4) on multiparametric MRI and whole-slide image-based pre
This report assesses potential academic integrity concerns in a 2021 IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering paper (DOI: 10.1109/TBME.2021.3082176) on end-t
This report flags a Theranostics 2020 paper (DOI: 10.7150/thno.48706) by Lizhi Shao and colleagues as highly suspicious due to mathematical inconsistency in a h
Verdict: No evidence of academic fraud or integrity violations was identified. This report covers a purely computational/theoretical chemistry paper that comput
Verdict: CLEAN. This academic integrity review examined Frank Neese's theoretical/computational chemistry paper on a general restricted open-shell Hartree–Fock
This report assesses a 2024 paper by Peng Yao, Jian Zhang, Qianyuan Qiu, Yicheng Zhao, Fangyong Yu, and Yongdan Li published in Advanced Energy Materials (DOI:
This integrity review concludes that the paper '长期肠外营养早产儿维生素K1水平的影响因素分析' by Huo Yuan, Zhang Guo, Zhao Yang, Li Wanyi, and Gao Hongxia, published in the Chinese
This report evaluates 'Laboratory assessment of vitamin K status' by Card, Gorska and Harrington, published in J Clin Pathol (2019), DOI 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-
This Geng academic-integrity review targets the ACM MM '25 paper 'LEAF-Mamba' (Wu, Gao, Fei, Lee, Hsu; DOI: 10.1145/3746027.3754863). The overarching verdict is
This report evaluates concerns about a paper published in Angewandte Chemie International Edition in 2025 describing boron-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
This AI-assisted review concludes the paper is CLEAN (no academic misconduct detected). The work is a theoretical cryptography paper on attribute-based encrypti
This report evaluates the 2016 IEEE IC2EW paper 'SDMEC: Software Defined System for Mobile Edge Computing' by Yaser Jararweh et al. (DOI: 10.1109/IC2EW.2016.45)
This report assesses a 2023 paper by Li Guoqiang et al. published in the Journal of Power Systems and Automation (网络首发: 2023-02-28). The overall verdict is high
This report assesses the 2021 Hindawi paper by Xiaofeng Lu, Songbing Fu, Cheng Jiang, and Pietro Lio, published in Security and Communication Networks, for susp
This report identifies multiple serious integrity issues in the paper 'Communication Data Encryption Transmission Method Based on National Cryptographic Algorit
Verdict: Severe internal inconsistency in experimental data indicating likely fabrication of performance figures. The paper reports in Table VI that increasing
This report presents a detailed academic integrity review of the paper 'Design of Massive Power Consumption Data Collaborative Interaction System Based on PIO A
This report evaluates the paper '基于风险分析的配电网络设备终端安全检测方法' (Ye Xiaming, Li Ye, Ma Lijun, Qi Haojin), published in 机械设计与制造工程 (2020, Vol. 45, Issue 3), DOI: 10.3969/
This report assesses two serious allegations of image manipulation against the paper DOI 10.1109/TMI.2025.3587131 by Zhang et al., while clearing the paper on t
This report examines two concerns raised about a 2021 IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging paper (DOI: 10.1109/TMI.2021.3090432) by Cui et al. on unsupervised c
Verdict: Questionable 🟡. The report identifies three issues in the paper published in Nature Communications (DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29637-2) concerning a deep
Verdict: Highly suspicious. The photophysical kinetic data reported in Table 1 are mathematically self-contradictory: the prompt fluorescence lifetimes (τPF) re
This report presents a text-based academic integrity assessment of a 2026 Angewandte Chemie International Edition paper (DOI: 10.1002/anie.5856537) by Ziang Li,
Verdict: Questionable. This report flags serious statistical and presentational irregularities in a paper that reports catalyst yields from triplicate experimen
This report evaluates eight concerns in a 2026 Angewandte Chemie paper on flexible organic crystal NIR waveguiding. Verdict: doubtful (yellow). The most signifi
This AI-generated review examined the paper "Flexible Organic Radical Cocrystal With 94% Photothermal Conversion Efficiency" by Bingrui Chen, Huixu Yang, Siqi Z
Verdict: essentially clean, with minor points requiring attention. This report reviews a 2023 Nature Chemistry paper by Song, He, Zhang, Gilsdorf and Chen on a
Verdict: Highly suspicious (高度可疑). The report identifies three principal concerns in Zhao et al.'s paper on Mg-based Lewis acid-catalyzed solvent-free recycling
This review evaluates the paper by Ji, Chen, Chen, Chen, Fang and Wei on covalent organic framework (COF) X-ray detectors (DOI: 10.1002/anie.4087507). The origi
Verdict: ⚠️ Questionable (insufficient evidence for definitive misconduct). This review examined a 2026 Journal of the American Chemical Society paper by Jiakan
Verdict: Strong indicators of image reuse and possible data fabrication. Two principal issues are flagged. First, Figure 4(e) shows inset device photographs cla
This report evaluates a 2026 Advanced Materials paper by Zhuixing Xue and co-authors (Yang group) reporting tetraphenylsilane-engineered MR-TADF emitters for pu
This report evaluates a 2015 ChemComm paper by Zhou et al. on near-infrared fluorescent probes for amyloid plaque imaging. The overall verdict is 'questionable'
Verdict: cleared of substantive misconduct. The Geng peer-review report for the Angewandte Chemie International Edition paper 'Flexible Organic Radical Cocrysta
This report raises concerns about a 2026 Angewandte Chemie International Edition paper (DOI: 10.1002/anie.1702104) reporting a flexible organic radical cocrysta
Verdict: No fraud indicators identified (cleared). This review examined the paper by Ziang Li, Xuesong Yang, Yuxing Zhou, and Hongyu Zhang, published in Angewan
Verdict: No conclusive evidence of academic misconduct found in this re-review. The original Chinese detection report (Report id: geng_geng_6a576dd9638769.53072
This review evaluates the paper 'Cyclic Photothermal-Actuated Organic Crystals for Reconfigurable Optical Waveguides' by Donghe Chen, Xuesong Yang, and Hongyu Z
This report translates and consolidates a Chinese-language academic integrity review concerning the paper "Cryogenically self-healing organic crystals" publishe
This review examines potential data integrity issues in a 2026 Advanced Functional Materials paper reporting PTT-BTQ conjugated polymers for solar-thermal conve
This automated integrity screening report evaluates the 2025 Angewandte Chemie paper (DOI: 10.1002/anie.202500110) by Tian, Fan, Li, Zhang, Li, Zhuang, Wang, an
This Geng integrity report evaluates a 2026 Angewandte Chemie International Edition paper (DOI: 10.1002/anie.1702104) reporting a flexible organic radical cocry
This report flags the Chem. Commun. 2015 paper by Zhou, Fu, Feng, Cui, Dai and Liu (DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03662c) as highly suspicious for image reuse and anomalous
Targeted review of a 2015 Chem. Commun. paper (DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03662c) by Zhou, Fu, Feng, Cui, Dai, and Liu on barbituric-acid NIR probes for amyloid plaque im
This academic-integrity report assesses Ziang Xu and colleagues' multi-omics study on HMGA1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, published in npj Precision
Verdict: Questionable (Yellow), non-fraud-tier descriptive concerns only. The paper by Wu, Hong, Chen, Liu, Liu, and Yang (DOI: 10.14722/ndss.2026.230148) inves
This report examines the NDSS 2026 paper by Zhang et al. (DOI: 10.14722/ndss.2026.240004) on DEEPALIGN, a hidden-state contrastive defense for LLM jailbreak att
This integrity review assesses a 2023 Head & Neck article (DOI: 10.1002/hed.27293) by Tianxiao Wang, Yehao Zhang, Jia Wu, Hongjie Feng, Ruixia Wang, and Hua Yua
This report assesses the Geng academic fraud detection findings against an article published in International Journal of Oral Science (DOI: 10.1038/s41368-025-0
This screening report evaluates the article published in Advanced Science (DOI: 10.1002/advs.202413215) for potential image-related irregularities. The overall
This integrity review of Chen et al. (2025), published in Advanced Materials (DOI: 10.1002/adma.202517968), returns a verdict of 'questionable but unverified' (
This report evaluates a 2025 paper published in Science China Life Sciences (DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2745-2) by Wang et al. on berberine-treated stem cell condi
This report evaluates a 2026 publication in SCIENCE CHINA Life Sciences by Tianxiao Wang and colleagues concerning jawbone radiation injury therapy. The verdict
This investigation report alleges confirmed academic misconduct in the paper 'Generative Adversarial Self-Imitation Learning with Large Language Model Feedback
Verdict: Highly suspicious. This 2025 paper in 功能材料 (Journal of Functional Materials) by 郭昊 et al. contains multiple severe scientific and editorial errors that
Verdict: strong evidence (实锤) of data fabrication. The report identifies three serious integrity issues in Meng et al. (2018), DOI 10.3969/j.issn.1001-6678.2018
This report flags the 2016 paper published in Industrial Microbiology (DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-6678.2016.02.005), authored by Sun Xiaomeng, Wang Shang, Cong Li
This report assesses a 2014 paper by Song Mingzhu, Cong Lina, Wang Hongying, and Jiang Qichen on alkaline protease-producing marine bacteria (DOI: 10.19670/j.cn
Verdict: Highly Suspicious (Orange). This 2023 paper published in 微生物学通报 (DOI: 10.13344/j.microbiol.china.230086) by Liu Yamei, Cong Lina, and Chen Ming present
Verdict: No evidence of academic misconduct detected. This 2018 paper in Theoretical and Applied Genetics (DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3122-6) by Faji Li et al. was
This report flags multiple serious and verifiable mathematical/formula errors in the paper (DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00367-9) by Zhuang et al., published in Comm
This review examines the paper by Hong-Wei Geng et al. published in Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences (DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.634874). The verdict is confirme
This report evaluates a 2026 JACS Au paper on Fe–Zn Fischer–Tropsch catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation and assigns a verdict of Highly Suspicious (orange). The pri
This report evaluates the paper "Neuronal Sensitization Drives Bone Regeneration via Energy Metabolism and BMP2-ErbB1 Signaling" published in Advanced Functiona
This report evaluates the 2026 Advanced Functional Materials paper 'Neuronal Sensitization Drives Bone Regeneration via Energy Metabolism and BMP2‐ErbB1 Signali
This report assesses multiple data-integrity concerns in Dai et al. (Advanced Functional Materials, DOI: 10.1002/adfm.76607). The most serious finding is an imp
This report assesses integrity concerns in the article 'Neuronal Sensitization Drives Bone Regeneration via Energy Metabolism and BMP2‐ErbB1 Signaling' publishe
This investigation report assesses five concerns raised against the paper 'Neuronal Sensitization Drives Bone Regeneration via Energy Metabolism and BMP2-ErbB1
This investigation concludes, with high confidence, that the paper contains multiple severe indicators of data fabrication and methodological inconsistency, sup
This report evaluates a Nature 2026 paper (DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10439-1) by Chuanshuai Xie and colleagues for potential academic misconduct. The assessment y
This Geng report flags a published 2026 Nature paper on autopolyploid rediploidization as highly suspicious based on internal textual contradictions rather than
Verdict: CLEAN (no indicators of academic misconduct detected). This Chinese-language Geng audit report examines R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), DOI 10.100
This review evaluates the paper "Dynamic Impact of Agricultural Insurance on China's Agricultural Total Factor Productivity — Empirical Study Based on Provincia
Verdict: CLEAR — No indicators of academic misconduct detected. The paper is a humanities/social-science conference summary authored by Mu Tianyuan (University
This review evaluates a 2025 BMC Plant Biology transcriptomic and genomic comparative study of two rice varieties, Diantun 502 (susceptible) and Diantun 506 (re
This report flags the paper (DOI: 10.1186/s12870-025-07985-7) as highly suspicious ('高度可疑'), based on methodological inconsistencies rather than evidence of out
Verdict: Substantiated concerns (🔴 实锤/confirmed) against the JACS paper by Yitong Zhou et al. on P2-type sodium-ion battery cathodes. The most serious finding i
This report raises two methodological and reporting concerns about the above paper (DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-66684-x). Overall verdict: questionable. Key issues:
This report evaluates the integrity of Wei et al. (2015, DOI: 10.1159/000430122), which investigates hydrogen gas protection against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)
This report, generated by an AI-assisted tool, flags concerns in the Nature 2024 article (DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07620-9) claiming that NBS1 lactylation at K38
This report compiles multiple integrity concerns regarding the 2022 MDPI Cancers article (DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215381) on IGF2BP2 in gastric cancer. The overal
This forensic review of a 2020 paper in Global Chinese Medicine (doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1749.2020.02.004) reports multiple severe data-integrity failures. Find
This report flags serious data integrity problems in a 2025 paper published in High Voltage Engineering (DOI: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20240420) by Liu Yujie an
Verdict: Highly suspicious. This report evaluates a 2016 paper by Zhang Lanfeng et al. in Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research on bone cement-stem int
Verdict: Questionable (yellow flag), with concerns rather than definitive fraud. Four methodological and reporting inconsistencies were identified in this 2023
Verdict: Suspicious / doubtful. This is a 2011 Chinese-language review article by Zhang Lanfeng, Ge Shirong, and Liu Hongtao on the mechanical properties of art
This report evaluates a 2021 Frontiers in Oncology paper (DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.566183) that performs a bioinformatics analysis of CDCAs in hepatocellular carc
This report flags three serious concerns in a 2015 NeuroReport paper (DOI: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000000295) on functional connectivity changes in Bell's palsy reco
This report assesses four potential integrity concerns in the 2019 paper by Hu et al. (DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00295) on functional connectivity changes during
Verdict: Cleared (No academic misconduct detected). This paper, titled "MRI在威尔逊病诊断及预后中的应用综述" (DOI: 10.19745/j.1003-8868.2021151), authored by Wu Yutong, Hu Shen
This report assesses a 2024 publication in the Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling that combines ChatGPT-based data extraction with machine learning to
This report assigns a verdict of 'Questionable' (🟡) to the paper by Liping Sun et al. published in ACS Applied Nano Materials (DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.5c01031). Thr
This report evaluates the paper by Mei et al. (Supercond. Sci. Technol. 38 (2025) 025009, DOI: 10.1088/1361-6668/ada114) on a bell-shaped superconducting magnet
Verdict: No fraud indicators detected — the paper is cleared. This IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity article (DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2025.3643834) by Zi
Verdict: 🔴 Substantiated (实锤). This investigation identifies multiple severe inconsistencies in the paper by Sun et al. (ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2026; DOI: 10.10
This Geng integrity report flags the paper 'FICMD-Med: A Novel Framework for Imbalanced Class and Modality Distributions of Medical Images' (DOI: 10.1109/BIBM66
Verdict: Highly suspicious (🟠). This IEEE TCSVT paper by Hongbing Qian, Meiyun Zuo and Lixi Zhao proposes a YOLO11-based muscle cell detector enhanced by transf
This report evaluates the ICMR 2025 paper by Chaochen Wu, Guan Luo, and Meiyun Zuo (DOI: 10.1145/3731715.3733454). The overall verdict is 'questionable,' driven
This report flags a paper published in Energy Materials (2024) as highly suspicious (DOI: 10.20517/energymater.2023.78). Two serious internal contradictions wer
Verdict: Questionable (insufficient evidence for confirmed misconduct). The original Chinese report flagged four potential issues: duplicate Figure 9/10 numberi
This integrity review examines the Nature 2024 paper (DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07712-6) by Ke Zhao, Qingqing Liu, Libing Yao, Rui Wang, and Jingjing Xue on peri-
This report evaluates a theoretical/philosophical discussion paper published in the Journal of Holography Applications in Physics (Volume 6, Issue 2, Spring 202
This report translates a Chinese-language academic-integrity review (Geng) of the paper "Undulatory vs. gliding locomotion: Effects on underwater object detecti
This review assesses the MDPI journal article by Qirui Ding and Weicheng Cui (DOI: 10.3390/en18184821), concluding with a high-confidence red flag verdict sugge
Verdict: Strong indicators of data fabrication and methodological incoherence. Four major findings collectively suggest the manuscript may be partly or wholly A
This report reviews the MDPI Energies 2025 article (DOI: 10.3390/en18184821) by Qirui Ding and Weicheng Cui for fabricated statistics and integrity issues. The
Verdict: ⚠️ Suspicious / Inconclusive (the reviewer downgrades from the prior framing because several prior claims could not be verified against the available t
Verdict: questionable (yellow). This is a simulation-only study on phase-change thermal energy storage coupled with thermoelectric generation. Re-verification c
This report flags a highly suspect pattern of internal inconsistencies in Zhongyuan Wang et al.'s 2024 paper published in Ocean Engineering, DOI 10.1016/j.ocean
This report examines the paper "Active and Robust Twisting Morphing Wings With Geometric Constraints for Flying or Swimming Robots" by Bing Luo, Weicheng Cui, a
This investigation report examines the paper "Scaling crossovers in non-equilibrium critical dynamics" by Rong Li, Qirui Ding, and Weicheng Cui, published in J.
Verdict: Strong evidence of serious scholarly misconduct (red-flagged, '实锤' status). The Detection report identifies multiple internal contradictions in the pap
Verdict: serious concerns confirmed (实锤), with strongest evidence pointing to internal contradictions and likely AI-assisted writing without author verification
This report assesses the 2024 Ocean Engineering paper by Wang, Yan, Zeng, Li, Cui, Liang, and Fan (DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.116862) and returns a verdict of
This report presents a 'Highly Suspicious' verdict on a 2025 Energy journal article (DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.138554) by Zhangyuan Wang et al. concerning flap
This review assesses a 2025 conceptual paper published in Academia Engineering that proposes a 'fourth-generation submersible' based on using brain-computer int
This report assesses potential integrity concerns in a 2025 Ocean Engineering article (DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122990) by Jinyu Li, Ruipeng Li, Jiaye Gong,
This report examines a 2025 review paper published in Energies (MDPI; DOI: 10.3390/en18225869) by Qirui Ding, Lili Zeng, Ying Zeng, Changhui Song, Liang Lei, an
This report examines the JoVE protocol paper 'Optimizing Human-Powered Energy Generation Using Gaussian Process Regression' by Ding et al. (DOI: 10.3791/69810,
This integrity assessment report evaluates the paper "Optimizing flapping foil dynamics: A data-driven framework for motion optimization" by Jinyu Li, Ruipeng L
Verdict: 🔴 Confirmed (实锤). This report identifies severe scientific and methodological flaws in the MDPI paper by Qirui Ding and Weicheng Cui (DOI: 10.3390/en18
Verdict: Questionable (insufficient evidence to confirm the original allegations). This report reassesses a prior fraud-detection claim against the paper by Qir
This report evaluates a 2015 paper published in the Journal of Clinical Medicine in Practice (DOI: 10.7619/jcmp.201524049) concerning the anesthetic effect of d
This report evaluates a 2012 paper in the Chinese Journal of Clinicians (Electronic Edition) by Jiang Lin et al. (DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2012.22.110)
This report assesses the paper by Jiang Lin et al., published in Chinese Journal of General Practice (2012), on propofol pre-treatment and renal ischemia-reperf
Verdict: Highly suspicious. The paper by Jiang Lin et al., published in the Journal of Jiangsu University (Medical Edition) in 2011, presents multiple internal
This review rates the paper highly suspicious, but the evidence is insufficient to establish fabrication conclusively without the authors’ raw data and images.
This report assesses a 2026 paper published in the Journal of East China Normal University (Educational Sciences), DOI 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2026.08.003, wh
This report, originally in Chinese and translated here for editorial review, assigns a 'highly suspicious' verdict to the paper (DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29270-z
This report assesses the Neurocomputing paper (DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2024.129178) by Wang et al., titled "Is Mamba effective for time series forecasting?" Overa
This report flags the systematic review by Shang, Wang, Tian, Zhou, Ma, and Liu (DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1087463) as highly suspicious on the basis of internal
Verdict: QUESTIONABLE (suspected methodological and editorial carelessness rather than outright fraud). A 2023 systematic review published in Frontiers in Psych
Verdict: Severe methodological and data integrity concerns (red flag). The paper proposes a hybrid model (CBA-X-PVW) for corn futures price forecasting and repo
This report assesses the article by Sanyang Liu et al., published in Frontiers in Psychology (2024), and assigns an overall verdict of 'highly suspicious' (高度可疑
This report assesses Yi Chen's paper published in Annals of Operations Research (2025, DOI: 10.1007/s10479-025-06525-8). The overall verdict is 'highly suspicio
Highly suspicious paper published in IEEE Internet of Things Journal (DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2025.3586718). Multiple textual inconsistencies strongly suggest copy-pa
This report evaluates the systematic review and meta-analysis titled "Prognostic value of Musashi 2 (MSI2) in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-anal
This AI-assisted review evaluates a 2024 Chinese legal-theory paper published in OJLS (Hans Publishers), titled 'Reflection and Improvement on University Degree
This report assesses a 2024 legal-theory article by Peng Weiwei, published in the Open Journal of Legal Science (DOI: 10.12677/ojls.2024.121058), which examines
This report assesses a 2025 Scientific Reports paper that claims SH-SSQ improves the mechanical properties of 3D printed PLA. The review reaches a verdict of hi
This report evaluates a 2025 Nature paper describing a nanofluidic intracellular delivery device for internal organs, co-authored by Dedong Yin, Pan Wang, Yongc
Verdict: No misconduct detected (article found to be "clean"). The review examined a review article by Na Yang et al. published in Cellular Oncology and conclud
Verdict: Questionable (yellow flag). The 2025 ACM MM '25 paper by Lihong Qiao et al. presents a vision-language pre-training framework for chest X-rays. Three c
This report evaluates 'Significant NDR and perfect spin-filtering effect based on phosphorus doped sawtooth penta-SiC2 nanoribbon: a first-principles study' by
This report evaluates the paper "NoteIt: A System Converting Instructional Videos to Interactable Notes Through Multimodal Video Understanding" (DOI: 10.1145/37
Verdict: SUSPICIOUS (yellow flag). This report flags multiple quality-control failures in the UIST '25 paper "NoteIt: A System Converting Instructional Videos t
This report addresses a Nature 2025 paper by Dedong Yin and colleagues describing a battery-free nanofluidic intracellular delivery patch for internal organs, e
This report flags a confirmed serious integrity issue (verdict: 实锤 / substantiated) in Chen Ting et al. (2016), published in the Journal of Beijing Sport Univer
Overall verdict: highly suspicious (high-but-not-conclusive concern). The review identifies unusually small standard deviations in two tables of an in vivo rat
This integrity review examines the meta-analysis by Jiang et al. (DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.969632) on Musashi 2 (MSI2) as a prognostic biomarker across cancer typ
This report assesses the Frontiers in Oncology meta-analysis by Jiang et al. (DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.969632) examining the prognostic role of MSI2 in cancer pat
This report flags the 2022 Frontiers in Oncology systematic review/meta-analysis on MSI2 as highly suspicious. The central finding is systematic arithmetic fabr
This report screens the Advanced Materials paper "Self-Heating Multistage Microneedle Patch for Topical Therapy of Skin Cancer" (DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308217) by
Verdict: Questionable (🟡). The report flags substantive methodological and statistical concerns in this 2022 Cell Host & Microbe paper on SABC1 lncRNA. The most
Verdict: Questionable (yellow flag). The review identified two confirmed metadata/copy-editing errors in the published paper (DOI: 10.1007/s00018-025-05722-9).
Verdict: Cleared (no fraud indicators detected). This 2019 paper by Xu, Han, Yun, and Chen in the International Journal of Aerospace Engineering (DOI: 10.1155/2
This integrity review reports two confirmed textual inconsistencies and one limitation. (1) In the Experimental Section (§4.10 Immunofluorescence Staining), the
Verdict: Highly suspicious (orange). Three major textual and quantitative inconsistencies were identified, not relying on image forensics. First, the definition
Verdict: Highly suspicious on methodological grounds; data integrity largely undetermined due to lack of image files. The study reports CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis
Verdict: Highly suspicious. DOI 10.1002/adma.202518212, published in Advanced Materials (2026, Xu et al.), raises three main concerns. (1) The reported PLQY val
This review assesses potential research misconduct in the SIGIR '26 paper 'HE-DeepFM' (DOI: 10.1145/3805712.3809866). Verdict: SUSPICIOUS-INCONCLUSIVE. Four rev
This report presents a highly suspicious assessment of the TCAD 2022 paper 'ViA: A Novel Vision-Transformer Accelerator Based on FPGA' (DOI: 10.1109/TCAD.2022.3
This report evaluates a 2026 IEEE Transactions on Computers paper (Author's Accepted Version) on FPGA-based out-of-memory graph processing. The overall verdict
This Geng report assesses the TechRxiv preprint by Teng Wang et al. (posted 2 December 2024) on congestion-aware floorplanning for multi-die FPGA high-level syn
Verdict: Highly suspicious. This Rapid Research Letter reports a multioctagonal ring metamaterial with broadband microwave absorption at elevated temperature. T
Verdict: Questionable. This IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2024 paper by Shoutao Li, Jialin Li, Qingyu Meng, Hongyan Guo, and Dongpu Cao (DOI: 10.110
This report evaluates the PNAS article by German et al. (DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2516848123) concerning functional recovery of the murine hippocampus after vitrificat
Verdict: Cleared. This report evaluates a 2020 theoretical humanities/social sciences article published in the Journal of Shandong Sport University (DOI: 10.141
This automated integrity review examined the 2013 humanities/social-science article 'Analysis of Social Environmental Factors for the Popularization of Marine S
This report assesses a 2013 paper published in the PLA Journal of Preventive Medicine (DOI: 10.13704/j.cnki.jyyx.2013.03.028) titled 'Observation of the Efficac
This is a procedural integrity review of a 2014 Chinese-language article by Jiang Li concerning the characteristics and socio-cultural functions of traditional
This integrity review examines the article "Research on Sports Goods Logistics under E-commerce Mode" (Jiang Li, Logistics Technology, Vol. 34, Issue 7, 2015; D
This integrity review report evaluates the paper 'Research on the Realistic Dilemma and Development Path of Socialized Services for University Sports Venues und
This report assesses the article "Research on the Adjustment of Pre-Competition State of Track and Field Athletes" by Lu Wang, published in Sports World (Academ
Overall verdict: CLEAN (no evidence of fraud). This review examined the MICCAI 2023 paper introducing MedIM (DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43907-0_2) for potential aca
Verdict: Substantive finding (red flag). A detailed review of the MICCAI 2023 paper 'MedIM: Boost Medical Image Representation via Radiology Report-Guided Maski
Verdict: No academic misconduct detected. This integrity review examined the anonymous double-blind submission 'ShiftMorph: A Fast and Robust Convolutional Neur
This report evaluates the anonymous submission titled 'ShiftMorph: A Fast and Robust Convolutional Neural Network for 3D Deformable Medical Image Registration'
This investigation report assesses the paper published in Electronics (MDPI, DOI: 10.3390/electronics15040869) by Bingze Zhu and Yubo Xie, and concludes with a
This report examines the MICCAI 2023 paper by Chen et al. (DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43904-9_48) for signs of data fabrication. The overall verdict is a strong ind
Verdict: Clean (✅). This report evaluates a double-blind ACM Multimedia 2024 submission proposing ShiftMorph, a CNN-based framework for 3D deformable medical im
Verdict: CLEAR (no integrity concerns identified). This is an integrity review of the anonymous double-blind submission 'ShiftMorph: A Fast and Robust Convoluti
Verdict: 🟡 Questionable. The report flags the CMITM paper (Chen et al., MICCAI 2023, LNCS vol. 14224) for lacking statistical rigor and for narrative claims tha
Verdict: No academic fraud detected. This report evaluates the paper 'Contrastive Masked Image-Text Modeling for Medical Visual Representation Learning' by Chen
Verdict: No integrity issues identified (clean). This review examines the MICCAI 2023 paper by Yutong Xie et al. presenting MedIM, a self-supervised learning fr
This report assesses 'ShiftMorph: A Fast and Robust Convolutional Neural Network for 3D Deformable Medical Image Registration' (ACM MM 2024 submission, DOI: 10.
This report assesses the paper 'Contrastive Masked Image-Text Modeling for Medical Visual Representation Learning' by Chen et al. (MICCAI 2023, LNCS 14224, DOI:
Verdict: No evidence of academic misconduct found. This report reviews a MICCAI 2023 paper (DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43904-9_48) by Cheng Chen, Aoxiao Zhong, Dufa
Verdict: CLEAR (no fraud indicators detected). This SIGIR '26 conference paper by Su, Gu, Wang, Wang, Zheng, Cheng, Gong, and Wang proposes an optimized Fully H
This report assesses the 2015 paper "Research on Sports Goods Logistics under E-commerce Mode" by Jiang Li (Yantai University), published in Logistics Technolog
This review concerns a 2014 Chinese-language publication identified only by its DOI (10.16655/j.cnki.1006-7744.2014.35.081); no title, authors, journal, abstrac
Verdict: Confirmed data fabrication (实锤). This investigation of Jiang Li (Yantai University) in Journal of Huaqiao University (Natural Science), DOI 10.11830/IS
This report evaluates a 2024 Nature Communications paper (DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51749-0) proposing MaCo, a masked contrastive learning framework for radiograp
Verdict: No evidence of academic misconduct detected. This Science 2022 paper by Yuan Xu and Ting F. Zhu (DOI: 10.1126/science.abm0646) reports chemical synthes
This report raises four substantive concerns against the above Nature Communications paper, with an overall verdict of highly suspicious. Finding 1 documents an
This report evaluates a 2024 paper published in Science Technology and Engineering (DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2400927) that proposes a lightweight YOLOv5 v
Verdict: No clear indicators of academic misconduct detected based on the available textual content. The paper, authored by Ziwei Wu and colleagues and publishe
Verdict: Questionable (🟡). This report flags two internally consistent issues in the article by Kilic, Can, Kodal, and Ozkoc (DOI: 10.1002/pen.25295). First, th
This report assesses the paper "Pathology-Aware Reconstruction with Discriminative Knowledge Boosting Alignment for Che-Xray Vision-Language Pre-training" by Li
This report assesses the ACM MM '25 paper (DOI: 10.1145/3746027.3755336) by Lihong Qiao et al. and assigns a verdict of "Highly Suspicious." Two confirmed, seri
Verdict: Cleared (✅ 清白). This review examined the ACM MM '25 paper by Lihong Qiao et al. for image reuse/splicing, data fabrication, hardware/timeline inconsist
Verdict: Substantiated (实锤). The reviewer's analysis identified multiple high-confidence data-integrity issues in a 2025 ACM MM paper (DOI: 10.1145/3746027.3755
This report assigns a verdict of Highly Suspicious to the ACM MM '25 paper (DOI: 10.1145/3746027.3755336) by Lihong Qiao et al. The analysis identifies multiple
This report assesses a paper published at ACM Multimedia 2025 (DOI: 10.1145/3746027.3755336) and returns a verdict of 'highly suspicious.' The central concerns
This report evaluates the paper by Lihong Qiao et al. (DOI: 10.1145/3746027.3755336), published at ACM Multimedia 2025, and assigns a verdict of Highly Suspicio
The Geng misconduct report flags the above ACM MM '25 paper by Lihong Qiao, Shiyi Gao, Yucheng Shu, Bin Xiao, Weisheng Li, Xinbo Gao as highly suspicious, thoug
This report rates the paper as highly suspicious, based on apparent internal inconsistencies and selective reporting rather than proof of deliberate fabrication
Verdict: Suspected issues / inconclusive (yellow rating). This 2025 ACM MM '25 paper by Qiao, Gao, Shu, Xiao, Li, and Gao proposes a chest X-ray vision-language
Verdict: Questionable but no evidence of substantive academic fraud. This 2025 ACM Multimedia conference paper by Lihong Qiao et al. presents a vision-language
This report examines the paper 'Pathology-Aware Reconstruction with Discriminative Knowledge Boosting Alignment for Che-Xray Vision-Language Pre-training' by Li
This report assesses a 2025 ACM MM '25 paper by Lihong Qiao et al. (DOI: 10.1145/3746027.3755336) for potential data fabrication. The primary finding is that in
This report assesses a 2026 Chinese Lasers paper by Jiao Yusong et al. on a high-power, high-efficiency, low-noise, single-frequency Er:YAG non-planar ring lase
This report assesses the article “Frequency-Stable Non-Planar Ring Laser” by Feng Tao, Zhang Xuejie, Ren Zhiyuan, Sun Mingying, and Zhu Jianqiang, published in
Verdict: No evidence of academic misconduct detected (clean). This invited paper published in Chinese Journal of Lasers (DOI: 10.3788/CJL260445) reports a high-
This report assesses a 2025 ACM Multimedia (MM '25) submission by Lihong Qiao, Shiyi Gao, Yucheng Shu, Bin Xiao, Weisheng Li, and Xinbo Gao on chest X-ray visio
This report flags multiple issues in a chest X-ray vision-language pre-training paper submitted to ACM Multimedia 2025 by authors at Chongqing University of Pos
This report assesses the paper "Pathology-Aware Reconstruction with Discriminative Knowledge Boosting Alignment for Che-Xray Vision-Language Pre-training" by Li
This report evaluates a 2025 ACM Multimedia paper by Lihong Qiao and colleagues proposing a pathology-aware, alignment-based framework for chest X-ray vision-la
This report flags serious internal numerical inconsistencies in the ACM Multimedia 2025 paper 'Pathology-Aware Reconstruction with Discriminative Knowledge Boos
A peer-style integrity review of the manuscript 'Pathology-Aware Reconstruction with Discriminative Knowledge Boosting Alignment for Che-Xray Vision-Language Pr
This report assesses the ACM Multimedia 2025 paper (DOI: 10.1145/3746027.3755336) by Lihong Qiao et al. for possible data fabrication and citation irregularitie
Verdict: Cleared / no fraud indicators detected. This ACM Multimedia (MM '25) paper by Lihong Qiao et al. was reviewed across image reuse, data consistency, sta
This review gives a “Questionable” verdict on the ChinaXiv preprint “Design and control of a spine-like robotic arm actuated by shape memory alloys for high rad
Verdict: highly suspicious. The report raises four concerns regarding the paper, which introduces a vision-language pretraining method for chest X-rays. (1) Com
This report assesses a paper published at ACM MM '25 (DOI: 10.1145/3746027.3755336) titled "Pathology-Aware Reconstruction with Discriminative Knowledge Boostin
Verdict: Suspect (中等存疑). This report evaluates the ACM MM '25 paper by Lihong Qiao et al. and flags two confirmed concerns. First, Table 1 (ViT-based row, 'Ours
Verdict: Highly suspicious (orange rating). The report, titled 'Pathology-Aware Reconstruction with Discriminative Knowledge Boosting Alignment for Che-Xray Vis
Verdict: Highly suspicious (orange). This preprint in Chinese General Practice applies a Policy Modeling Consistency (PMC) index to 23 Chinese pediatric drug po
This report assesses Wang Enxu, Zhou Jiang, Yang Jun, Wang Yicheng, Yang Pinyan, and Wang Xuejing's article published in Geographical Science (2024; DOI: 10.132
This report raises concerns about an ACM Multimedia 2025 paper proposing PAR and DKBA modules for chest X-ray vision-language pre-training. The verdict is 'Ques
Verdict: Highly suspicious. This review identifies four concerns in the paper 'Pathology-Aware Reconstruction with Discriminative Knowledge Boosting Alignment f
Verdict: Questionable (yellow) rather than fraudulent. The Geng audit conducted reverse mathematical verification of Table 3 trust values against formulas (3)–(
This review evaluates a 2015 database-construction paper (DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2015.06.26) reporting a clinical database for functional dyspepsia (FD),
This Geng academic-integrity report reviews the paper 'Policy-Hiding Bilateral Attribute-Based Access Control Scheme' by Guo Lifeng, Sun Wenzhe, and Zhao Yu, pu
This report examines four flagged issues in the cryptographic paper 'Policy-Hiding Bilateral Attribute-Based Access Control Scheme' by Guo Lifeng, Sun Wenzhe, a
Verdict: Highly suspicious (orange/red composite rating). The study, a single-center clinical epidemiology/database analysis by Chen Liping, Huang Zaiwei and Xi
This report examines a 2025 online-first paper published in Journal of Shanxi University (Natural Science Edition) by Guo Lifeng, Sun Wenzhe, and Zhao Yu (DOI:
Verdict: Questionable (🟡). This report, covering DOI 10.13451/j.sxu.ns.2025008, focuses on a cryptographic access control paper whose core mathematical derivati
This review assesses concerns of research integrity in the 2020 IET Networks paper "SD-IoTR: an SDN-based Internet of Things reprogramming framework" by Dang Hu
This report assesses the 2026 Light: Science & Applications paper (DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02219-3) by Zesen Li, Zhuoran Li, Zhongyuan Cheng et al. for potentia
This report flags the paper 'SD-IoTR: an SDN-based Internet of Things reprogramming framework' by Dang Huynh-Van and Quan Le-Trung (IET Networks, 2020, DOI: 10.
This integrity review examines the ACM MM '25 paper (DOI: 10.1145/3746027.3755336) by Lihong Qiao et al. The overall verdict is EXONERATED (no fraud indicators
Verdict: Cleared (no evidence of academic fraud identified within the scope of this review). The paper, published in ACM MM '25, was assessed across three dimen
This report assesses a 2025 ACM Multimedia paper (DOI: 10.1145/3746027.3755336) proposing a vision-language pre-training framework with a Pathology-Aware Recons
This report evaluates a 2025 ACM Multimedia paper (DOI: 10.1145/3746027.3755336) by Lihong Qiao et al. on chest X-ray vision-language pre-training. The overall
This report assigns a “questionable” rather than affirmative misconduct verdict to the 2025 ACM Multimedia paper “Pathology-Aware Reconstruction with Discrimina
This is a Chinese 'Geng' academic-fraud detection report concerning the paper 'Pathology-Aware Reconstruction with Discriminative Knowledge Boosting Alignment f
Verdict: Cleared (no substantive issues identified). This review examined the ACM MM '25 paper by Qiao et al. (DOI: 10.1145/3746027.3755336) for potential acade
Verdict: Suspicious (insufficient evidence for a definitive call). The review examined the ACM MM '25 paper (DOI: 10.1145/3746027.3755336) by Qiao et al. across
This report assesses a 2025 ACM MM '25 paper by Lihong Qiao et al. on chest X-ray vision-language pre-training, reaching a verdict of "highly suspicious." Three
This report assesses the ACM Multimedia 2025 paper "Pathology-Aware Reconstruction with Discriminative Knowledge Boosting Alignment for Che-Xray Vision-Language
Verdict: Questionable (suspected data-entry error, insufficient grounds for fabrication). The investigation centers on Table 1 of the paper (DOI: 10.1145/374602
This Geng-style fraud detection report alleges severe data fabrication in a 2025 ACM Multimedia paper (DOI: 10.1145/3746027.3755336) on chest X-ray vision-langu
This review examines the ACM MM '25 paper (DOI: 10.1145/3746027.3755336) for potential academic integrity concerns. The verdict is 'Questionable' (yellow). A pr
This report evaluates a chest X-ray vision-language pre-training paper published at ACM Multimedia 2025, with a verdict of highly suspicious due to internal num
This report assesses a paper published at ACM MM '25 (DOI: 10.1145/3746027.3755336) by Lihong Qiao et al., proposing a chest X-ray vision-language pre-training
Verdict: CLEAR (no academic fraud detected). The Geng review examined the paper published in Beijing Surveying and Mapping (DOI: 10.19580/j.cnki.1007-3000.20260
Verdict: Questionable (yellow). The report flags two main issues in the paper by Huang et al. (DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5c04049). First, in Table 4 (Page 8017)
This report presents an automated integrity review of the article "Cascaded Improved Neural Network for the Reconstruction, Classification, and Unmixing of the
This review evaluates a 2026 Optics Express paper by Chen et al. that proposes an SE-ResUNet for denoising and baseline correction of microplastic Raman spectra
Verdict: Highly suspicious (🟠). The report identifies two confirmed issues and one flag requiring further verification. (1) Statistical/marketing misstatement:
Verdict: No clear indicators of academic fraud were identified in this 2025 IEEE TGRS paper (DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2025.3598100) by Weiwei He et al. The review foun
Verdict: Questionable (yellow). The report identifies two issues in the paper by Jiajin Chen, Weixiang Huang, Ligang Shao et al. (Optics Express, Vol. 34, No. 9
Verdict: Questionable but largely unsupported by current evidence (🟡). This Analytical Chemistry paper proposing a cascaded CSAM-ResUNet architecture for Raman
This report evaluates the above paper (DOI: 10.3788/CJL260445) by Jiao Yusong, Yu Yang, Zang Xianqing, Wu Weichong, Gao Chunqing, published in Chinese Journal o
Verdict: No fraud indicators detected (cleared). This text-only review of Wang et al. (DOI: 10.1364/OE.24.014966) examined internal numerical consistency, metho
This report assigns a yellow (questionable) verdict to the paper published in Optics Express (DOI: 10.1364/OE.597337). Two issues were flagged. First, Section 3
Verdict: Questionable (🟡). The paper, a machine-learning/Raman spectroscopy study by Huang et al., shows no systemic fraud at the text, table, or equipment-time
This report flags serious internal inconsistencies in the reported performance improvements of the proposed CSAM-ResUNet model in a 2026 Analytical Chemistry pa
This automated review assesses the above paper, published in Analytical Chemistry, and rates it as highly suspicious. Three main concerns are identified. First,
Verdict: CLEAN (no substantive integrity concerns identified). This review examines the article by Huang et al. in Analytical Chemistry (DOI: 10.1021/acs.analch
Verdict: Highly suspicious. The review identifies multiple serious internal inconsistencies and physically implausible results in the paper by Jiajin Chen et al
Verdict: cleared (no substantive integrity issues detected). This report evaluates the Molecular Psychiatry article by Ping Liu et al. (2026, DOI 10.1038/s41380
This report evaluates a 2026 paper by Liu Chun, Zhang Linghao, Jiang Changsong et al. in the Journal of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
Verdict: Strong indicators of serious academic misconduct, with multiple fatal flaws in algorithmic logic, arithmetic, and internal consistency. The paper propo
This report flags the Optics Express paper "Improving the classification performance of microplastics by noise reduction and baseline correction of Raman spectr
This report assesses a 2026 Analytical Chemistry paper by Weixiang Huang et al. proposing a cascaded neural network (CSAM-ResUNet) for Raman spectral analysis o
Verdict: Clear. The original Chinese-language integrity review concludes the paper shows no substantive signs of academic fraud. Concerns raised are limited to
This Geng academic integrity screening report evaluates a narrative review article titled "Prospects of Behavioral and Lifestyle Interventions for Diabetes" by
Verdict: No evidence of academic fraud was identified. This review examined a 2026 Geo-spatial Information Science paper by Guoyin Zeng et al. on a near-space O
This report flags severe integrity problems in a 2023 Nutrients article (DOI: 10.3390/nu15040930) by Guo et al. Multiple independent findings strongly indicate
This report assesses the 2026 Geo-spatial Information Science article by Zeng et al. (DOI: 10.1080/10095020.2026.2633870), which presents a forward model for 1.
This report presents a forensic review of an article published in Antioxidants (MDPI) in 2025 concerning short-chain fatty acids in an MPTP mouse model of Parki
This Geng academic-integrity report rates the paper as 'highly suspicious' (orange). The central concerns are two clear numerical contradictions between the Abs
This report examines a 2025 paper by Linder, Krasauskas, Megner, and Murtagh published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (DOI: 10.5194/acp-25-12843-2025), wh
This review examines a 2024 Geo-spatial Information Science paper (DOI: 10.1080/10095020.2023.2238773) by Ye et al. on joint CO2 retrieval using the GMI and DPC
This audit report rates the paper as highly suspicious, primarily due to internal data inconsistencies and fundamental writing errors. The most serious finding
Verdict: Questionable (Yellow). The reviewer identified two clear typographical/LaTeX errors in the manuscript but found no substantive evidence of data fabrica
Verdict: No integrity concerns identified; the paper appears legitimate. The Geng-style audit examined six dimensions: image reuse, data fabrication, image spli
Verdict: Highly suspicious. The paper titled 'Analysis on the Greening Utilization of Campus Organic Waste Composting under the Gradual Implementation of Waste
Verdict: Questionable but substantially authentic engineering paper (not fabricated). A targeted review of the manuscript by Luo Haiyan, Xiong Wei, Li Zhiwei, a
Verdict: Questionable. This review of Atmosphere 2025, DOI 10.3390/atmos16020214 (Zhao et al., Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics) identifies multiple
Verdict: Cleared (no indicators of academic fraud detected). This 2023 Optics Express paper by Haotian Li et al. introduces an Einstein-coefficient-based temper
Verdict: No fraud / clean paper. Optics Express paper DOI 10.1364/OE.532076 by Wang, Li, He, Wang, Li, and Wu (2024) passed the six checks (image reuse, data fa
Verdict: No evidence of academic fraud detected. This review examines the 2022 Remote Sensing paper (DOI: 10.3390/rs14143334) by Cai et al. characterizing the o
This report assesses Chen et al. (2025), published in Earth System Science Data (DOI: 10.5194/essd-17-3497-2025), which presents Level 2 aerosol and surface ret
This report assesses a 2024 IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing article (DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2024.3492178) by Kuijun Wu et al. for potential academ
This report evaluates the article by Guoyin Zeng, Wei Xiong, Zhiwei Li, Haiyan Luo and Yuan An, published in Geo-spatial Information Science (DOI: 10.1080/10095
Verdict: No evidence of academic misconduct. This paper, published in Light: Science & Applications (DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0306-z), reports the first troposph
Verdict: No evidence of academic fraud; the paper appears clean. DOI: 10.1029/2019GL083550. The review examined image reuse, statistical and error-propagation l
Verdict: Cleared with minor textual concerns. This Optics Express 2018 paper (DOI: 10.1364/OE.26.016984) by Wu, Fu, Feng, Li, Hao, and Li is a theoretical simul
Verdict: ✅ Cleared — a legitimate atmospheric simulation/feasibility study with only a minor, non-core reference duplication issue. Chen et al. (2022), publishe
This report assesses Zhang et al. (2025), published in Applied Physics Letters (DOI: 10.1063/5.0295821), for potential academic misconduct. Verdict: No evidence
This report examines a 2025 paper by Cui Tiejun, Li Shasha, and Wang Xinyang published in the Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University (Natural Science Edition)
Verdict: Highly suspicious. This theoretical/conceptual paper by Cui Tiejun and Li Shasha, published in Science Technology and Engineering (2026, Vol. 26, No. 1
This Geng fraud-detection report assesses the MDPI paper 'Liquid Crystal Elastomer Microfiber Actuators Prepared by Melt-Centrifugal Technology' by Wei Liao, Ch
This report evaluates the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation paper by Zhou, Qu, Xia, and Yang (DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2022.3195454) for potential academic
This report evaluates the ACAIT 2025 paper by Han Zhang, Xuefen Zhao, Wei Jia, and Defeng Kong (DOI: 10.1109/ACAIT67930.2025.11522031) and assigns a HIGHLY SUSP
This report evaluates the paper 'Lung Cancer Whole Slide Image Classification Method Based on Dual-Branch Mamba' (DOI: 10.1109/ACAIT67930.2025.11522027) present
This review assesses a 2025 IEEE ACAIT conference paper proposing a glandular-discriminative-feature MIL method for breast cancer whole-slide-image classificati
This text-level review of Garg et al. (J. Neurosci., 2013; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1854-13.2013) returns a verdict of 'Questionable.' Three issues raise concern.
This assessment, generated from a Chinese-language 'Geng' academic-integrity review, reaches a verdict of "questionable" rather than confirmed fraud. The paper
Verdict: No evidence of academic fraud detected (CLEARED). This is a forensic-style integrity review of a 2017 Nature paper (DOI: 10.1038/nature24058) by Tillot
Verdict: Highly suspicious (orange). The review of Molecular Therapy 21(1), 2013 (DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.200) raises three concerns. First, anti-MeCP2 immunofluor
Verdict: ✅ Likely clean (text-based preliminary analysis). This review of Nitarska et al., Cell Reports 2016 (DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.10.022), found no textu
This report finds no clear evidence of research misconduct or image fabrication in the Nature article “In vivo base editing rescues Hutchinson–Gilford progeria
This Geng integrity review concludes that the Nature paper "Optical fibre gripper for high-performance 3D micromanipulation" (Deng Pan, Kaiwen Liang, Chen Xin e
Verdict: ✅ Cleared. The review of Komor et al.'s foundational base-editor (BE3) paper finds no substantive evidence of academic fraud. Image-level forensic anal
This Chinese academic-integrity review (Geng) reports a high-suspicion verdict on the Nature paper "In vivo base editing of Chd3 rescues behavioural abnormaliti
Verdict: No evidence of academic misconduct detected. This Nature 2020 paper by Wolter, Mao, Zylka and colleagues reports an AAV-CRISPR approach to Angelman syn
This report evaluates '新型粉煤灰陶粒固定化有效微生物群落对模拟水产养殖废水净化效果' (Chen Shuang et al., Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2020) for academic integrity. Verdict: Highly su
This integrity review examines the review article 'Research on Pollutant Removal and Carbon Reduction by Microbial Electrochemical Technology Coupled with Const
This Geng academic-integrity report examines a 2026 review article (DOI: 10.16796/j.cnki.1000⁃3770.2026.04.003) titled 'Research Progress on Membrane Bioreactor
This report presents a detailed academic-integrity review of a paper published in Technology of Water Treatment (水处理技术), Vol. 52, Issue 5, May 2026. Verdict: Co
Verdict: No evidence of academic misconduct. This paper, published in Petroleum Science (2021) by Zeng et al. (DOI: 10.1007/s12182-020-00495-1), is a mathematic
Verdict: No evidence of academic fraud detected. The review examined the CVPR 2024 paper by Jing Wen et al. (UIUC) across multiple consistency dimensions. Cross
Verdict: Suspected serious data fabrication (red). An independent review of the published paper identified multiple internal inconsistencies that violate basic
This report assesses a 2022 paper published in MDPI's International Journal of Molecular Sciences (doi:10.3390/ijms231911438) that investigates how pancreatic c
This report flags a paper published as a journal pre-proof in Food Bioscience (DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.109190). Verdict: highly suspicious, based on textual an
Verdict: Cleared (textual and arithmetic audit only). This Radiology paper (DOI: 10.1148/radiol.230255) by Mengsi Li, Yaheng Fan, Bingsheng Huang, Jin Wang et a
Verdict: No clear signs of academic fraud were detected. The paper (DOI: 10.1145/3774904.3792287, arXiv 2603.17360v1), submitted to The Web Conference 2026 (WWW
This report assesses an econometrics paper on institutions and financial frictions, published in the Journal of Development Economics (2014). Verdict: cleared (
This report assesses a 2025 PLoS ONE article by Danlu Bu and Lin Jiang examining determinants of Renminbi cross-border settlement using firm-level data (DOI: 10
This review assesses the ICASSP 2025 paper 'Towards Maximizing Semantic Coverage for Image-Text Retrieval' (DOI: 10.1109/ICASSP49660.2025.10888503). The overall
This report identifies substantial internal inconsistencies in the reported evaluation of “Replication and Exploration of Generative Retrieval over Dynamic Corp
Verdict: No academic misconduct detected on the basis of the available material. The submitted evidence for this review consisted only of the article's title, a
Verdict: Doubtful (yellow flag). No conclusive evidence of intentional data fabrication or image manipulation was identified; the study relies entirely on well-
This report assesses a 2023 paper in Economic Modelling (DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2023.106539) by Song, Yang, and Zhou for potential academic integrity concerns.
Verdict: cleared (no fraud indicators detected). DOI 10.1287/mnsc.1110.1467. The Geng review examined Bray and Mendelson's Management Science paper (submitted 1
Verdict: Serious statistical anomalies flagged as potentially fabricated descriptive statistics (Chinese academic-fraud report by 'Geng' reviewer). Applied Econ
Verdict: Cleared (no indicators of academic fraud detected). This computational mechanics paper by Jensen et al., published in Thin-Walled Structures 195 (2024)
Verdict: questionable but not fraudulent. A systematic textual and mathematical review of Yang et al. (Atmosphere 2026, DOI 10.3390/atmos17040380) finds no evid
Verdict: No substantive academic fraud detected. The paper, authored by Jingxuan Feng et al. and published in Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineer
Verdict: Cleared (no integrity issues detected). This 2021 paper by R. Fillet, V. Nicolas, V. Fierro, and A. Celzard in the International Journal of Heat and Ma
Highly suspicious. No direct evidence of figure fabrication was found, and internal arithmetic in Tables 5 and 7 (e.g., POD=138/(138+28)=83.13%) is internally c
This report evaluates a 2010 European Journal of Operational Research paper by Canbolat and Wesolowsky (DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2009.04.023) for potential academic
This forensic assessment examines a 2014 Technical Note in the International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer (DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.11.015) a
This review examines the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) paper 'CFD Simulation of a bubble column evaporator' by Cappelli, Glennon and Donnellan, published i
Verdict: highly suspicious, pending institutional verification. The report identifies multiple red flags consistent with paper-mill production rather than origi
This AI-assisted integrity review evaluates a 2024 Nature Communications paper describing a water-stable perovskite X-ray detector using cation-π interactions.
This report evaluates 'Anti‐Scattering Perovskite Scintillator Arrays for High‐Resolution Computed Tomography Imaging' (DOI: 10.1002/adma.202417248) by Song et
Verdict: Highly suspicious (orange/red flags). The Geng-style screening report, based solely on the text of the paper and the authors' extracted data, raises fo
This report evaluates a Science Advances paper (DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aec0830) on pressure-induced FRET enhancement in composite gels. The overall verdict is high
This report evaluates a 2025 publication in Laser Photonics Reviews by Guo et al. (DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202501161) and assigns a verdict of 'highly suspicious.' Mu
Verdict: 🔴 Substantiated (recommends in-depth investigation). This report identifies multiple severe methodological inconsistencies in the paper published in La
This report gives a “questionable” rather than definitive finding of academic misconduct concerning the 2025 paper “Polyoxometalate-Based MOF as a Highly Sensit
Verdict: No evidence of academic fraud or data fabrication was found in this paper. The Geng-style six-form audit was applied across image reuse, mathematical s
This Chinese-language Geng fraud-detection report raises serious concerns about the 2026 Angewandte Chemie paper by Ji et al. on covalent organic frameworks (CO
Verdict: No substantive integrity issues identified (clean). The review examined arithmetic consistency between the abstract and result tables, ablation-study c
This report examines a Nature Communications article (DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58439-5) on deep reinforcement learning-based risk gene identification for clear c
Verdict: Questionable (🟡). This is a purely computational/AI methodology paper, so the image-manipulation heuristics used in traditional Geng reports (Western b
This report flags the Nature Communications paper 'UKB-MDRMF' (DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58724-3) as 'highly suspicious' (高度可疑) following a text-only forensic rev
Verdict: No indicators of academic fraud detected. The reviewed paper, published in Nature (Vol. 648) on 22 October 2025 by Oh, Farquhar, Kemaev, Calian, Hessel
This report reviews the Google DeepMind paper published in Nature (Vol. 618, 8 June 2023) for signs of academic fraud. The verdict is CLEAN: no evidence of data
Verdict: No integrity concerns identified (cleared). This report reviews the DeepMind paper published in Nature (Vol 610, October 2022) that used AlphaZero-base
This report examines the Nature article by Romera-Paredes and colleagues from Google DeepMind describing FunSearch, a system combining large language models wit
Verdict: Highly suspicious (orange). This Nature Computational Science 2026 paper by Xie et al. presents a generative AI framework for antibody optimisation fol
Verdict: Questionable (yellow). The Nature Communications 2025 paper (16:3591) by Lu, Zheng, Yi, Hao, Zeng, Han, Li, Jiao, Jiang, Ai & Peng was reviewed in text
Verdict: No evidence of academic fraud detected. This computational biology/machine learning paper by Schulte-Sasse, Budach, Hnisz and Marsico, published in Nat
Verdict: highly suspicious. The dry-lab (bioinformatics) component of this Nature Communications paper appears internally coherent, but the wet-lab validation s
Verdict: No evidence of academic fraud. This applied machine-learning conference paper by Ziemba, Radomska-Zalas, and Becker presents credit scoring models (log
This report rates the paper as highly suspicious, with high confidence regarding an apparent methodological flaw and high confidence regarding a numerical incon
Verdict: Highly suspicious, recommended for in-depth investigation. This Chinese review identifies two principal data-integrity concerns in a routing-optimizati
This report presents a text-based integrity review of the paper 'Research on Dynamic Replenishment Vehicle Routing Optimization for Unmanned Vehicles in Same-Da
This report flags a 2025 paper in Advanced Science (DOI: 10.1002/advs.202506209) by Li et al. as highly suspicious, based on textual review of the published PDF
This report presents a 'questionable' (doubtful) verdict on the above paper by Li, Long, Zhu, Gu, Zhou, and Miao, published in Advanced Science in 2025. Two iss
This report examines a 2025 paper in Journal of Computer Systems Applications concerning a LoRA-based two-stage diffusion watermarking approach. The overall ver
Verdict: Highly suspicious. This report flags a Computer Science and Application paper (DOI 10.12677/csa.2026.161016) titled '基于结构引导 Transformer 的单视图三维重建去模糊方法'
Verdict: RED — confirmed academic integrity failures. The 2025 Scientific Reports paper by Hussien et al. exhibits multiple severe defects consistent with fabri
This Geng-style integrity review flags the paper "Boosting Semi-Supervised Video Captioning via Learning Candidates Adjusters" (Xu et al., ACM TOMM, 2024; DOI:
This report assesses the academic integrity of an ACM TOMM 2024 paper on semi-supervised video captioning by Xu et al. The verdict is HIGHLY SUSPICIOUS due to s
Verdict: No confirmed academic misconduct identified. The report concludes the paper is substantially free of substantive fraud, finding only editorial, typogra
This review assesses a 2023 cross-sectional study published in the Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (DOI: 10.7507/1671-6205.202305014)
This academic-integrity review assesses the paper "sdRNA-D43 derived from small nucleolar RNA snoRD43 improves chondrocyte senescence and osteoarthritis progres
This report examines a 2020 paper published in Acta Automatica Sinica (DOI: 10.16383/j.aas.c190849) by Yao Hongge et al. on a deep EM capsule network for overla
This is a neutral fact-check of 'Review of Reliability Assessment Methods of Drone Swarm (Fleet) and a New Importance Evaluation Based Method of Drone Swarm Str
This report flags Wang et al. (Nat. Cell Biol., DOI: 10.1038/s41556-026-01885-0) as highly suspicious but does not constitute proof of misconduct. The central q
This report applies the 'Geng six-style' strict review framework to the Nature Methods paper 'UDA-seq' (DOI: 10.1038/s41592-024-02586-y, received 24 June 2024,
This integrity review evaluates a 2026 Angewandte Chemie International Edition paper by Wang, Feng, and Kwok (DOI: 10.1002/anie.4594145). Verdict: SUSPICIOUS (Y
Verdict: Questionable. This Nature Methods paper (Vol. 22, June 2025; DOI 10.1038/s41592-024-02586-y) introduces UDA-seq and reports an unusually broad set of a
This report examines a 2024 CSSCI article by Huang Chaochun, Luo Yihong and Sun Jinliang (Guizhou Academy of Social Sciences) on computing-power guarantee for C
Verdict: No clear evidence of academic misconduct based on text-level analysis. The report concludes the paper appears clean, though this assessment is constrai
This review evaluates the 2021 Nature Nanotechnology paper by Wanqing Meng, Feifan Xu, Zhihao Yu, Tao Tao and colleagues (Nanjing University, Xiamen University,
This AI-assisted integrity review applies the six-step Geng framework to the article 'The Impact of Logistics Performance on Trade' (DOI: 10.1111/j.1937-5956.20
This report assesses a 2023 Chinese economics paper (DOI: 10.20077/j.cnki.11-1262/f.2023.02.010) by Yao Peng and Li Huizhao on agricultural water rights trading
This report assesses the WWW '26 paper by Junyi Wang, Zhibin Zhu, and Chuanyi Liu (Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen & Peng Cheng Laboratory; DOI: 10.114
This report assesses potential data fabrication in a WWW '26 paper on bypassing LLM safety guardrails. Two decisive anomalies were identified in Table 1 (Page 6
Verdict: No evidence of academic misconduct was identified in this paper (DOI: 10.1109/CVPR42600.2020.00178). The review applied the six-method integrity scan (
Verdict: Suspect — likely typographical or copy-paste error rather than intentional fraud. Key issues: (1) Internal contradiction between the text and figure ca
Verdict: Suspicious (yellow), with one orange concern. The paper is a 3-page note extending prior work by the same corresponding author (Qingshan Liu) via a 'vi
Verdict: CLEAR (no academic fraud detected). This report examines an IROS 2024 paper (DOI: 10.1109/IROS58592.2024.10801342) on optimal robot formations balancin
Verdict: Questionable — suspected of academic sloppiness / conference-paper padding rather than systematic data fabrication. Key issues identified include sever
Verdict: Highly suspicious. The paper by Ren Zongwei et al., published in Systems Engineering — Theory & Practice (online 2025-06-24), presents a bi-objective V
Verdict: Highly suspicious paper, rated orange-level, published in Systems Engineering — Theory & Practice (DOI: 10.12011/SETP2024-2027). Six anomalies were ide
This report assesses a 2026 online-first paper in China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica (DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20260523.502) by Wang Houyuan et al. The v
This report assesses a review article by Zhong Haixia (Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS), Meng Junling (Jilin Normal University), and Ma Caini (Cha
This report documents severe statistical and presentational problems in a 2020 paper published in Jiangsu Shanglun (DOI: 10.13395/j.cnki.issn.1009-0061.2020.07.
Verdict: Questionable. This report examines a 2021 paper by Zhang Yang, Ma Ruyi, Liu Congyu, Li Cuiduo, and Jiang Zehui, published in Industrial Engineering and
Verdict: Cleared (no evidence of fraud identified). DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.04.032. This review of Qian et al. (Cell, 2013) found no indicators of academic mis
Verdict: No textual evidence of academic fraud identified (text-logic level only). The reviewer performed a logic- and methodology-based audit of the supplied P
Verdict: Questionable. No definitive evidence of data fabrication or image manipulation was identified, but multiple textual and methodological concerns undermi
This forensic audit examined the 2025 IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics paper by Yunfei Du, Xinwei Shen, Boan Lu, and Xiaochi Ding on joint optimizati
Verdict: Cleared (no substantive academic misconduct detected); one minor typographical defect noted. The reviewers examined logical consistency, submission tim
Verdict: CLEAN (no integrity issues found). The IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy paper (DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2022.3223764) by Ge Chen, Hongcai Zhang, Hongxu
This report evaluates the IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics paper by Du, Shen, Lu, and Ding (2025), which proposes a BLDDM algorithm for offshore wind
Verdict: QUESTIONABLE. This review examines a 2024 paper in 电网技术 (Power System Technology) by Qiu Yiwei et al. on a two-layer day-ahead/real-time active power b
Verdict: Highly suspicious; recommend in-depth investigation. The review of the 2024 IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy paper by A. Zhou, M. E. Khodayar an
This report examines a manuscript (DOI: 10.3390/1010000) submitted to a presumed MDPI journal, dated March 25, 2026. The verdict is confirmed academic misconduc
Verdict: CLEAR — no integrity issues detected. This paper, a review article published as an Epub ahead of print in Chinese General Practice (DOI: 10.12114/j.iss
Verdict: cleared (text-level). The examined manuscript, authored by Jiale Xie, Mingyu Song, Zongyang Song, Zhongbao Wei, and Zhekang Dong and published in IEEE
This report assesses potential integrity concerns in Zhu et al. (2025), published in Applied Physics Letters (DOI: 10.1063/5.0283263). The overall verdict is "Q
Verdict: No evidence of academic fraud was identified. This 2019 Physical Review Letters paper by Xiao, Li, Kottos, and Alù is a theoretical and circuit-simulat
This report evaluates the article by Nannan Cai, Wei Wu, and Shaocheng Tong published in IEEE Internet of Things Journal (Vol. 13, No. 10; DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.202
Highly suspicious. The manuscript, authored by Junjie Jiang and colleagues and published in MDPI Electronics on 5 December 2025, demonstrates internally consist
Verdict: Highly suspicious. The 2021 paper in Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences (DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.634874) by Hong-Wei Geng et al. shows multiple red fla
Verdict: Highly suspicious. A routine comparative chloroplast genomics preprint exhibits multiple independent integrity issues. (1) Table 2 arithmetic inconsist
This report reviews the article "Welding Defect Detection Algorithm Based on Feature Extraction and Extreme Value Search" by Liang Wei, Tao Liang, Zhang Guangxi
This report evaluates the paper 'Welding Defect Detection Algorithm Based on Feature Extraction and Extreme Value Search' by Liang Wei, Tao Liang, Zhang Guangxi
This report assesses the 2018 Journal of Cellular Physiology paper by Zhang, Liu, Yan et al. (DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26195) and assigns a verdict of 'highly suspiciou
A text-based academic integrity review was conducted on the JEM 2020 paper by Yan et al. on TIPE2 and MDSC polarization. The overall verdict is highly suspiciou
Verdict: Confirmed severe concerns (实锤). A peer-sourced 'Geng' integrity report flags three serious, mutually reinforcing issues in this 2025 Cell Death and Dis
This Geng report, covering a 2025 Cell Death and Disease paper (DOI 10.1038/s41419-025-07622-z) on combined LTX-315 and anti-CTLA-4 therapy in a murine hepatoce
This report evaluates a 2018 International Journal of Nanomedicine paper by Haobo Han et al. on AP-PAMAM-mediated p53 delivery for cervical cancer, and renders
This report examines a paper published in Electronics (MDPI), DOI 10.3390/electronics14244785, dated December 2025. The verdict is confirmed (实锤) due to serious
This fraud-detection report examines Zhou Jieru's 2026 paper in the Chinese–Foreign Medical Research Journal on Vitamin K1 prophylaxis against neonatal VKDB. Th
This report flags the paper 'SiMBA-Augmented Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Industrial Remaining Useful Life Prediction' (Machines, 2025; DOI: 10.3390/mac
This report presents a comprehensive analysis of a paper published in the Chinese Journal of Medical Research (DOI: 10.12417/2811-051X.26.04.094) claiming that
This report evaluates the 2014 paper by Liang Wei, Tao Liang, Zhang Guangxian, and Li Zhenhua, published in the Journal of Shandong University (Engineering Scie
This report evaluates a 2026 Nature Communications article (DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-73911-6) by Ziyuan Liu et al. on NiOx nanoparticles for inverted perovskite
This Geng-style report raises concerns about a 2025 Nature Communications paper by Wen et al. on CTR1 oligomerization dynamics measured by single-molecule local
This Chinese-language fraud-detection report alleges serious data fabrication and methodological misconduct in a 2026 paper by Zhou Jieru published in "中外医学研究杂志
This report evaluates a 2025 IEEE TGRS paper proposing a Wavelet-augmented Dual-branch Position-embedding Mamba network for hyperspectral image change detection
This report assesses allegations of academic misconduct against Zhou et al.'s STMNet paper published in IEEE TGRS (2025, online Dec 2024). Verdict: Highly suspi
This report flags a MDPI Electronics 2025 paper (DOI 10.3390/electronics14244785) as highly suspicious based on a Chinese 'Geng' academic-fraud screening. The m
This report assesses "FE-YOLOv5: Feature enhancement network based on YOLOv5 for small object detection" by Wang et al. (DOI: 10.1016/j.jvcir.2023.103752, J. Vi
This report evaluates the Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences article by Hong-Wei Geng et al. (DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.634874) and concludes the paper is highly
This review reports on the paper UniAD (DOI: 10.3390/info16110956), published in Information (MDPI) in November 2025. The verdict is highly suspicious, primaril
This report evaluates a 2025 Nature Communications paper and returns a verdict of 'Questionable' (🟡). The analysis did not identify obvious mathematical errors,
This report documents multiple serious integrity issues in the article DOI 10.1038/s41598-025-15604-6, published in Scientific Reports. The verdict is strongly
This review assesses a 2024 conference paper by Edward K. Y. Yapp and Ngoc C. N. Doan comparing a VQ-VAE-2 model against single-level VQ-VAE variants on the MVT
This report assesses a 2021 Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences paper (DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.634874) by Geng et al. The overall verdict is highly suspicious. F
This is a translated integrity assessment of the article by Jie Wu et al. published in BMC Plant Biology (DOI: 10.1186/s12870-025-06966-0). The overall verdict
Verdict: Highly suspicious. This BMC Plant Biology 2025 paper by Owais Iqbal et al. combines metabolomics, transcriptomics and genomics of rice varieties D502 a
Verdict: Highly suspicious. This review of a 2025 BMC Plant Biology paper by Nong et al. identifies multiple serious flaws that undermine the validity of its co
Verdict: Highly suspicious (orange). This Chinese-language fraud-detection report, associated with id geng_geng_6a1e7a00c0d465.46377602, reviews Lin Liu, Jingla
Verdict: SUSPICIOUS (yellow). A text-only review of the PLOS One article by Huang et al. (2025) on NRF2 silencing and ATO-induced ferroptosis in HCC cells revea
This report raises significant methodological and editorial concerns about the paper 'Carcinosarcoma is an aggressive subtype of bladder cancer: A population-ba
This report assigns a rating of 'highly suspicious' to the 2021 publication in Dose-Response by Shuai Xu et al. (DOI: 10.1177/15593258211033114). Three principa
Verdict: Highly suspicious. The report identifies multiple irregularities in the paper by Geng et al. (DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.634874) that collectively suggest
This report assesses the article by Geng et al. (DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.634874) and rates it as highly suspicious (orange). Three issues are judged severe (red
This report catalogs multiple serious anomalies in Junjie Jiang et al.'s paper (DOI: 10.3390/electronics14244785), published in Electronics (MDPI) and accepted
This review concludes with a strong verdict of confirmed (实锤) academic fraud for the paper DOI 10.1038/s41598-025-15604-6. Multiple independent lines of evidenc
This report assesses serious integrity concerns in Hussien et al. (2025), published in Scientific Reports (DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-15604-6). The verdict is a co
This report assesses "Early Devonian pterygotid eurypterids from Yunnan Province, China" by Maxwell Wang, Simon Braddy, Victoria Tang, and Zhiheng Ma, published
This investigation report reaches a red-level verdict of substantive academic integrity concerns in the paper published in Electronics (MDPI). Five issues are d
This report flags multiple severe problems in Hussien et al. (Scientific Reports, 2025; DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-15604-6). Findings include: (1) In Table 2, VGG1
This forensic review of a 2025 Scientific Reports article on DINO V2–based self-supervised medical image diagnosis concludes that the paper contains multiple se
This report evaluates the theoretical cryptography paper by Zhang Zhiqiang, Zhu Youwen, Wang Jian, and Zhang Yushu, published in Journal of Electronics & Inform
This report evaluates the paper titled 'Misapplication of statistics in scorpiology: a case study' by Victoria Tang, published in ELYSIUM — Journal of Informal
Verdict: No substantive indicators of academic misconduct were identified in this theoretical/simulation paper. The study by Liu, Wang, Du, Geng, and Zhao (IEEE
Verdict: Cleared (No evidence of academic misconduct detected). This PVLDB 2025 systems paper by Huang, Cao, Ren, Wu, and Miao was reviewed across timeline cons
Verdict: No indicators of academic fraud detected. This VLDB 2026 paper (DOI: 10.14778/3796195.3796203) by Harbin Institute of Technology authors presents an al
This report reviews a 2025 Nature Materials paper reporting vapour–liquid–solid–solid growth of 2D β-Bi2O3 crystals (DOI: 10.1038/s41563-025-02141-w). The verdi
This report presents a tiered integrity review of the paper 'FE-YOLOv5: Feature enhancement network based on YOLOv5 for small object detection' published in Jou
Verdict: Cleared (✅). This IEEE Access 2024 paper by Jun-Hyung Kim and Goo-Rak Kwon was reviewed under the Geng six-style framework focused on data logic, timel
This report assesses a 2025 Journal of Ethnopharmacology paper on Compound kushen injection (CKI) and breast cancer lung metastasis. Overall verdict: highly sus
This report flags serious concerns of potential data fabrication and methodological inconsistency in the above paper, published in Journal of Cancer Metastasis
This report evaluates the IJCV 2021 paper (DOI: 10.1007/s11263-020-01400-4) by Bergmann et al., a journal extension of the CVPR 2019 MVTec AD dataset paper. The
Verdict: Highly Suspicious. This report examines the paper "Verifiable Attribute-Based Encryption Scheme with Outsourced Decryption in Fog Computing" by Duan Ya
This Geng (耿同学) integrity report flags the paper "Verifiable attribute-based encryption scheme with outsourced decryption for fog computing" (Duan Yahong, Wang
Verdict: Substantiated misconduct (cattle-sheep substitution). The paper by Bin Xu et al. advertises a method specifically designed for zirconium sheet surface
This report assesses the 2024 paper by Bin Xu, Rushi Jin, Jinhua Li, Bo Zhang, and Kai Liu, published in The Visual Computer (DOI: 10.1007/s00371-024-03272-y).
This report analyzes the Supplementary Information of a 2025 Nature Materials paper on two-dimensional β-Bi2O3 crystals. The overall verdict is Highly Suspiciou
Verdict: No clear signs of academic misconduct identified in the available textual evidence; the paper is provisionally rated 'clean.' The review covered four d
Highly suspicious. Five issues were raised based on textual and logical analysis; image-pixel forensics could not be performed. (1) Funding–timeline inconsisten
This report flags several anomalies in the Nature Materials paper (DOI: 10.1038/s41563-025-02141-w) describing a vapour–liquid–solid–solid growth route for 2D n
This Geng (耿) academic-integrity report raises high suspicion regarding a 2024 supplement paper in Rock and Soil Mechanics (岩土力学) by Li Tao, Shu Jiajun, Wang Ya
This is a translation/summary of a Chinese 'Geng' academic-integrity report flagging a paper in Rock and Soil Mechanics (岩土力学, DOI: 10.16285/j.rsm.2024.0980) by
This report assesses the ACM TOMM 2025 paper 'SRF: SpectrumRecombineFormer for Hyperspectral Image Classification' by Jing et al. The overall verdict is 'highly
This review examines allegations of academic misconduct in the article 'Road Obstacle Detection Fusing Hybrid Attention and Detection Head' by Li Yujuan and col
This report assesses the paper "基于并联卷积和高低频注意力的环境声音分类" (DOI: 10.16208/j.issn1000-7024.2026.03.024), published in Computer Engineering and Design (2026, Vol. 47,
This report flags the 2017 ACM Multimedia workshop paper "Multispectral Object Detection for Autonomous Vehicles" by Karasawa, Watanabe, Ha, Tejero-De-Pablos, U
This report flags a Nature Materials paper (DOI: 10.1038/s41563-025-02141-w) by Y. Xiong et al. on the VLSS growth of 2D β-Bi2O3 as highly suspicious. The centr
Verdict: Highly suspicious (orange). Two principal concerns are flagged against the paper, with corroborating but unconfirmed issues remaining. (1) A statistica
Verdict: Questionable (🟡). The report raises four concerns regarding the 2025 Nature Materials article (DOI: 10.1038/s41563-025-02141-w) on 2D β-Bi2O3 growth. (
This Geng-style integrity review flags the 2025 Nature Materials paper by Xiong, Zeng and colleagues as "questionable" (🟡), rather than confirming outright frau
This report applies the Geng method (五式) to evaluate the Nature Materials article (DOI: 10.1038/s41563-025-02141-w) by Xiong, Xu, Zou et al., published online 7
Verdict: Clear (no substantive fraud indicators identified). This Geng-style integrity report examines a 2025 Nature Materials paper (DOI: 10.1038/s41563-025-02
This review assesses a 2021 paper in Translational Cancer Research for potential data fabrication and methodological inconsistencies. The most serious finding c
This report assesses Deng, Li, and Jin (2020) in BioMed Research International (Hindawi) for potential academic integrity issues. The overall verdict is highly
This academic-integrity review concludes that the article by Wang, Jia, Du, Zhao and Shi, published in Scientific Reports, contains strong evidence of fabricate
This report assesses Jin Dan and Zhang Yufu's 2022 article in Financial Development Research (DOI: 10.19647/j.cnki.37-1462/f.2022.12.003) on the export effects
This report evaluates a 2025 Nature Communications paper (DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58722-5) by Zhao et al. on GPAT4 in cardiac development. The verdict is “doubt
Verdict: Strong evidence of data fabrication and citation hallucination. The report concludes that the paper by Lin Zhong, Pengxin Zhang, Jialin Ji, Jun Mao, an
This assessment evaluates the 2023 paper by Chen et al. published in Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy (DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01367-x). The verdict is
Verdict: Cleared based on available evidence (✅ / 清白). This textual audit of the paper by Sun et al., DOI 10.1002/advs.202307122, found no indicators of fraud a
This report evaluates a 2019 paper published in Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research. The overall verdict is highly suspicious. The most serious c
This report evaluates the 2023 Correction (DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02783-1) issued for the 2019 paper 'PTENP1/miR-20a/PTEN axis contributes to breast cancer pro
Verdict: No evidence of academic misconduct. This is a theoretical macro/international-trade paper (DSGE-style model with search frictions) by Federal Reserve B
Verdict: highly suspicious. The original Geng report focuses on methodological and statistical concerns rather than confirmed image manipulation. Key issues: (1
This report evaluates a 2020 IEEE ICC paper that introduces the VeReMi Extension, a simulation-based dataset for benchmarking misbehavior detection in VANETs. T
This academic-integrity review assesses Lin et al. (DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3112686), published in IEEE Internet of Things Journal (Vol. 10, No. 4). The overall
This report flags four concrete concerns in the IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology paper 'Blockchain-Based Efficient Access Control With Handover Policy
This Geng academic-integrity report flags the paper 'Adaptive Policy Learning for Connected Autonomous Vehicles Defending Malicious Access Requests by Graph Rei
This text-based integrity review of a 2015 Scientific Reports paper evaluates logical consistency, statistical reporting, and figure-text alignment. The verdict
Verdict: Strong evidence of serious logical, mathematical, and statistical irregularities indicative of either fabrication or severely flawed scholarship. Key i
Verdict: No evidence of academic fraud. A six-dimension integrity check was applied to the EMBO Reports paper (DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948835) by Pawel Leznicki &
This review applies the Geng six-style forensic framework to Derdeyn et al.'s 2013 Neurosurgery paper (DOI: 10.1227/NEU.0b013e318286fdc8) on stroke mechanisms i
This report assesses a paper by Liu Jingyuan and Jiao Ran published in Zhongguo Gaojiao Yanjiu (2026, Issue 4), concluding that the paper contains fabricated or
Verdict: No evidence of academic misconduct; the paper is assessed as substantively clean. This quantitative social-science article uses a nested logit model wi
This review assesses a 2019 scale-development paper published in Library and Information Service (图书情报工作) by Ye Fengyun and Li Junjun on mobile social media fea
Verdict: QUESTIONABLE (not a confirmed misconduct finding). This Nature Water paper covers an unusually broad scope—synthesis, multi-technique characterization,
Verdict: No evidence of misconduct found (cleared). The paper, a review article authored by Sui Wenjie, Zhao Wenjie, Qin Liguang, Zhang Xing, Wu Xuedong, and Xu
This report compiles concerns raised about a Nature Water paper reporting a multifunctional magnetic adsorbent for nano- and microplastic capture and on-site an
This review flags a paper accepted at ACM MobiCom '25 as highly suspicious due to anomalies in reporting and presentation, though no deliberate fabrication is c
Verdict: Questionable (yellow flag), based on text-only analysis. No pixel-level image forensics was performed because source figures were not provided. The str
Verdict: Highly suspicious. This Transplantation paper raises multiple, mutually reinforcing concerns despite plausible reagents and software provenance. The mo
This Geng-style integrity report flags the Nature Materials paper (DOI: 10.1038/s41563-025-02141-w, Xiong et al., Vol. 24, May 2025) as highly suspicious, based
Verdict: CLEAN (no misconduct indicators found). This integrity review examined a 2025 empirical education-economics paper by Sun Zhijun and Liu Zitong (Beijing
Verdict: highly suspicious. Key issues: (1) numerical contradiction between Table 5 (interaction β = −0.0304) and the path-model figure (−0.0380, ns) for the sa
Verdict: CLEAR (no academic misconduct detected). This review examined a 2025 empirical study by Ruan Qian, Yan Siyu, and Yue Changjun, published in the Fudan E
Verdict: Highly suspicious. The report identifies five anomalies in the paper 'Research on the Impact of Demand-Induced University Patents on Conversion Efficie
This report raises serious concerns about possible data fabrication and reporting inconsistencies in a 2026 article in Fudan Education Forum (DOI: 10.13397/j.cn
This report assesses a 2026 article in China Higher Education Research by Chen Anan, Kang Yunfei (corresponding), and Lin Jin, DOI 10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.202
Verdict: The paper is judged CLEAN. No indicators of academic misconduct were found. A full review of the submission timeline, numerical model configuration, ph
This review applies a multi-pass analytical framework to assess the paper 'High-mobility p-type semiconducting two-dimensional β-TeO2' (DOI: 10.1038/s41928-021-
This report assesses a 2026 preprint in Guihaia (DOI: 10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202512031) on chloroplast genomes of nine Actinidia species. Verdict: highly suspicio
This report evaluates a humanities/theoretical philosophy paper published in Shandong Social Sciences (2023) by Min Chao and Liu Tongfang, concerning Marx's lat
This report screens the Chinese-language theoretical philosophy article '对马克思历史哲学争论的再审思' by Min Chao (Zhejiang University), published in Jiangsu Social Sciences
Verdict: Strong evidence (🔴 confirmed) of data fabrication and methodological negligence. The authors, led by Huang Yuewei and corresponding author Sheng Jun, r
This report evaluates the article 'Hair Transplantation in Mice: Challenges and Solutions' (DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12435, Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2016) and rat
Verdict: Severe data fabrication confirmed ('实锤'). The authors Li et al., publishing in Chinese Journal of General Practice (中国全科医学), present a real-world study
This review assesses a 2026 retrospective cohort study on amphotericin B formulations (DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0374) for potential data fabrication
This report evaluates a narrative/review-type article published in Chinese General Practice (DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2026.0035), titled "Prevention and m
This report assesses a 2017 Journal of Alloys and Compounds paper by Z.L. Li, L.X. Cheng, G.Y. Li, J.H. Huang, and Y. Tang regarding interfacial IMC growth in S
This report evaluates a 2020 Materials Characterization paper (DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2020.110287) by Wang, Hu, and Jiang concerning Ni-modified MWCNT-reinforce
This report assesses a 2020 Materials Characterization paper by Wang, Hu, and Jiang on Ni-modified MWCNT Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu composite solder joints. The verdict is
Verdict: cleared based on text-level analysis only. The review applied the six-step Geng check to a 2021 Soldering & Surface Mount Technology paper by Xu Han, X
Verdict: No substantiated academic misconduct; the paper is judged clean after contextual review. A forensic image-analysis pipeline flagged Figure 11 and Figur
Verdict: Questionable (yellow). The strongest finding is a clear internal data inconsistency between the abstract/conclusions and Table 1 plus Section 3.3 regar
Verdict: CLEAR — no evidence of academic fraud. This paper is a social-science survey study with no experimental figures, only a single textual regression table
Verdict: ⚠️ Questionable. A Chinese-language report examining Li Xiaobao et al. (Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and Protection, 2016; DOI 10.11902/100
This report evaluates the paper "Pig Back Transformer" by Wang Yuxiao et al., published in Smart Agriculture in 2024, for potential academic misconduct. The ove
Verdict: No evidence of misconduct; the article is cleared. The paper is a purely narrative review (DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04927-1) in which all four figures (
Verdict: Cleared (no fraud indicators). This Frontiers in Oncology review article (DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.814504) by Wu et al. is a narrative review containing
This report presents an English translation of a Chinese academic-integrity review of the review article "信息茧房研究综述" (A Review of Research on the Information Coc
Verdict: No academic misconduct identified. The paper under review is a literature review on the "information cocoon" concept in information science, published
Verdict: Questionable (yellow). The paper by Ge et al., published in Nanomaterials (MDPI, 2022; DOI 10.3390/nano12060986), shows several visual and methodologic
Verdict: 🟠 Highly suspicious. This consumer-psychology paper containing four experiments (questionnaire-based, no biomedical images) was reviewed at the data/st
Verdict: Questionable (🟡), not fraudulent. The paper is a narrative literature review with no experimental figures, microscopy images, statistical charts, or an
Verdict: CLEAN (✅ 清白). This Frontiers in Oncology review article (DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.814504), authored by Wu, Liu, Zhou, Xiong et al. and received 17 March
Verdict: CLEAN (no fraud indicators detected). This paper, DOI 10.1038/s41416-021-01600-w, is a Review Article with no author-generated primary experimental dat
Verdict: Questionable. A focused review by Ouyang, Zhong, Zhang et al. published in British Journal of Cancer (DOI 10.1038/s41416-021-01600-w) was examined for
This corrected report re-examines a 2022 paper in Nanomaterials (MDPI) describing tea-leaf-derived N-doped carbon dots for Fe³⁺ sensing and cellular imaging. Th
Verdict: Suspect (yellow). The paper presents a factory-level life-cycle assessment of closed-loop regeneration of spent LFP batteries with internally consisten
This report assesses a 2021 Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences paper (DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.634874) and returns a verdict of highly suspicious. Two findings a
This review assesses a 2008 Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine review article (DOI: 10.1038/ncpcardio1217) authored by Bensheng Qiu and Xiaoming Y